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Aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13; It is located within the elements of the third period and in second place in the thirteenth group (the third group according to the numbering of the major groups) in the periodic table. Aluminum is a silvery-white light metal with a low density. It is retractable and knockable. It is the most common metal in the earth’s crust, ranking third among the most abundant chemical elements in it after oxygen and silicon. Aluminum makes up about 8% of the Earth’s solid surface mass. This metal has only one stable isotope, the isotope aluminium-27-27Al.

Aluminum usually forms its chemical compounds in the +3 oxidation state; This metal has a great chemical affinity for oxygen, which leads to the formation of an oxide layer on its surface that works to passivate it. Hans Christian Ørsted announced the discovery of aluminum in 1825; While Henri Etienne Saint Clair Deville worked to establish the industrial production of this metal in 1856; In contrast, the Hall-Hero process, developed in 1886, lowered production costs. The main source of aluminum is bauxite ore; And produced from it globally in 2016 about 115 million tons; On the other hand, the global aluminum recycling rate is around 40%.

Aluminum is characterized by its corrosion resistance and low density; Which made it the focus of attention in the field of aircraft industry; Also, structural elements and structures made of aluminum and its alloys play an active role in the aerospace industry. It is very important in other areas such as transportation and construction; Its reactive nature also made it useful in the field of chemical catalysis. On the other hand, there is no known biological role for aluminum in living organisms, but this is still a matter of interest and the subject of ongoing studies.